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Lesson 7: Elision

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Elisión es la omisión de un fonema en el discurso. Es muy común en conversación y una parte fundamental del aprendizaje para un estudiante de inglés.

El ejemplo más claro de elisión es en las contracciones como “isn’t” en lugar de “is not” o “they’d” en lugar de “they had/would”. De estos ejemplos, podemos ver que vocales y / o consonantes pueden ser omitidos o ‘elided’ (en inglés)

También se hace en muchas palabras como “library”, se queda en /laibri/ o “comfortable”, solemos decir simplemente /kʌmftəbl/. En estos casos hemos omitido una sílaba.

Palabras como ‘ice cream’ han sido sometidos a tal uso de elisión que hoy en día nadie dice ‘iced cream’, que fue su nombre original.

Es importante distinguir entre la asimilación de la lección anterior y la elisión. Recordamos que asimilación es cambiar el sonido de un fonema para que sea semejante a uno contiguo.

Ejemplo:

“That person” – asimilación de /t/ antes de /p/ se convierte en /p/

“thapperson” no “tha person” que sería elisión.

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Veamos unos ejemplos de elisión:

• left back /lef bæk/          elisión de /t/
• stand by /stæn baɪ/        elisión de /d/
• looked back /lʊk bæk/         elisión de /t/
• I must go /aɪ mʌs gəʊ/    elisión de /t/

En cada caso la última fonema de la primera palabra se pierde. Sencillamente la razón es que el tiempo y el esfuerzo que se requiere para cambiar la posición de la boca de la /t/ a la /b/ como en el primer ejemplo o la /d/ a la /b/ es demasiado grande

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Vamos a practicar unos ejemplos:

• What do you want for lunch? /wɒ duː juː wɒn fɔː lʌnʧ/          elisión de /t/ x2
• I talked to him /aɪ tɔːk tuː hɪm/                                   elisión de /t/
• She must get a ticket /ʃiː mʌs get ə ˈtɪkɪt/                  elisión de /t/
• We arrived the next day            /wiː əˈraɪv ðə neks deɪ/                        elisión de /d/ y /t/

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Elision of /h/

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En discurso fluido si la palabra viene al principio de una frase o cláusula (unidad básica de gramática con un sujeto y un verbo y a veces un complemento) la “H” se pronuncia pero sí está en medio de una frase o cláusula y después de una consonante entonces no se suele pronunciar. Así que /hi:/  se convierte en /i:/.

“He looks like he’s tired” se convierte en “He looks like /i:/s tired”

Este elisión también sucede con las palabras “him”, “his” y “her”

En algunos acentos del Reino Unido se omite la /h/ delante de otras palabras como ‘house’, pero se considera discurso pobre y no recomendado.

Intenta pronunciar estas frases omitiendo la “h” y enlazando la última consonante de la palabra anterior con la palabra sin “h”:

• I really like his
• We think he’s German
• They let himgo
• They offered hera raise
• Don’t tell her about the surprise

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Elision of /d/

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Es muy difícil decir la /d/ cuando cae entre otras dos consonantes. La boca tiene que trabajar mucho así que en muchos casos la /d/ no se pronuncia.

‘Boiled potatoes’ se convierte en ‘boilpotatoes’ y

‘steamed potatoes’ se convierte en ‘steampotatoes’

Practica estas frases omitiendo las letras subrayadas:

• My best friend let me borrow his car.
• Don’t hold back – say what you mean.
• His bike rolled down the hill without him
• The old man found this
• He came round to tell me the news.
• He smiled gently before leaving.
• They played better than last week
• I’ve had pie and chips

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Elision of /t/

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No solemos pronunciar la /t/ cuando cae entre dos sonidos de consonantes por el mismo motivo que la /d/, es demasiado difícil decir tres consonantes seguidos cuando la /t/ está en medio. Las palabras fluyen mucho más fácilmente cuando omitimos la /t/.

Practica estas frases omitiendo las letras subrayadas:

• I can’t stand the rain.
• It must be time to leave.
• Am I the first person here?
• I don’t want it.
• I can’t do that.
• We arrived the next
• We stopped for lunch.
• I don’t know the answer.

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